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Picture
SharpFokus Short Cashflow Course, brief notes only (English & Indonesian)

⸻

Introduction

Why Cashflow Matters

Cashflow is simple: it’s money in vs money out.
If more comes in than goes out, you’re in a strong position.
If it’s the other way around, pressure builds — on the business, on investors, and on you.

As Charles Dickens put it:

“Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen pounds… result: happiness.
Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty-one pounds… result: misery.”

⸻

Kenapa Arus Kas Penting

Arus kas itu sederhana: uang masuk vs uang keluar.
Kalau uang masuk lebih besar, posisi kita kuat.
Kalau lebih banyak keluar, tekanan mulai muncul — untuk bisnis, investor, bahkan kita sendiri.

Seperti kata Charles Dickens:

“Pendapatan tahunan dua puluh pound, pengeluaran sembilan belas pound… hasilnya: bahagia.
Pendapatan dua puluh pound, pengeluaran dua puluh satu pound… hasilnya: sengsara.”

Lesson 1: Cashflow ≠ Profit

In theory, profit and cashflow should match.
In practice, they often don’t — especially in Indonesia.
This is usually due to high investment spending or profits that aren’t backed by cash.
Across Indonesia, cashflow is often only half of reported profit.

Pelajaran 1: Arus Kas ≠ Laba

Secara teori, laba dan arus kas seharusnya sama.
Tapi kenyataannya sering berbeda — terutama di Indonesia.
Biasanya karena belanja investasi yang tinggi atau laba yang tidak nyata secara kas.
Di Indonesia, arus kas rata-rata hanya setengah dari laba yang dilaporkan.

⸻

Lesson 2: What Cashflow Is For

Cashflow can only be used for three things:
1. Pay off debt
2. Reward shareholders (dividends or buybacks)
3. Increase cash reserves

If cashflow is negative, a company must:
• Take on more debt,
• Raise new equity, or
• Use existing cash.

Pelajaran 2: Untuk Apa Arus Kas

Arus kas hanya bisa dipakai untuk tiga hal:
1. Bayar utang
2. Bayar pemegang saham (dividen atau buyback)
3. Tambah cadangan kas

Kalau arus kas negatif, perusahaan harus:
• Tambah utang,
• Tambah modal saham, atau
• Pakai kas yang ada.

⸻

Lesson 3: How to Measure Free Cashflow

Free cashflow = Operating cashflow + Investment cashflow
(Exclude debt/equity raising)

Also check:
• If interest or leases are placed under financing, add them back to operating.
Cashflow is not the same as capital — new debt or equity is not real cashflow.

Capital is input. Cashflow is output. Real capital must eventually be repaid through cashflow.

Pelajaran 3: Cara Mengukur Arus Kas Bebas

Arus kas bebas = Arus kas dari operasi + arus kas investasi
(Tidak termasuk pinjaman atau modal saham baru)

Periksa juga:
• Kalau bunga atau sewa dicatat di arus kas pembiayaan, tambahkan kembali ke operasi.
Arus kas ≠ modal. Pinjaman dan saham baru bukan arus kas nyata.

Modal adalah input. Arus kas adalah hasil. Modal yang nyata harus dibayar lewat arus kas.

⸻

Lesson 4: Cashflow = Equity Over Time

Financial theory often assumes capital mix (e.g. 70% debt, 30% equity).
But over time, only equity remains — all debt must eventually be covered.
So long-term: Cashflow = Equity.
Debt can help temporarily — but only if cashflow is already strong.

Pelajaran 4: Arus Kas = Ekuitas Dalam Jangka Panjang

Teori keuangan sering asumsikan campuran modal (misalnya 70% utang, 30% ekuitas).
Tapi dalam jangka panjang, hanya ekuitas yang bertahan — utang harus dibayar.
Jadi dalam jangka panjang: Arus kas = ekuitas.
Utang hanya bisa bantu sementara — kalau arus kas sudah kuat.

⸻

Lesson 5: CFROA – Cashflow Return on Assets

CFROA = Free cashflow ÷ Total assets
This shows how effective the company is at using assets to generate real cash.
Higher CFROA means stronger returns.
Use CFROA to compare across any sector or market.

Capital requires a return — and CFROA tells you how strong that return is. Preferably, it should beat the risk-free rate.

Pelajaran 5: CFROA – Pengembalian Arus Kas Terhadap Aset

CFROA = Arus kas bebas ÷ Total aset
Ini menunjukkan seberapa efektif perusahaan pakai aset untuk hasilkan kas nyata.
Semakin tinggi CFROA = semakin kuat.
CFROA bisa dibandingkan lintas sektor dan negara.

Modal harus menghasilkan — CFROA tunjukkan seberapa besar hasilnya. Idealnya melebihi suku bunga bebas risiko.

⸻

Lesson 6: Market Value Equivalent

To see how the market values a company:
Market Value ÷ Assets × Risk-Free Rate = Market Equivalent

Compare this with CFROA.
If CFROA > Market Equivalent → market hasn’t caught up yet.
If CFROA < Market Equivalent → market may be too optimistic.

Pelajaran 6: Nilai Pasar Setara

Untuk tahu penilaian pasar:
Nilai Pasar ÷ Aset × Suku Bunga Bebas Risiko = Nilai Setara

Bandingkan dengan CFROA.
Kalau CFROA > Nilai Pasar Setara → pasar belum menghargai penuh.
Kalau CFROA < Nilai Pasar Setara → mungkin pasar terlalu optimis.

Upgrade to full course or research & data options here
  • Subscribe to Sharpfokus
  • HTUFS
  • 7Steps
  • Home
  • Introduction to Sharpfokus Course
  • Sharpfokus-lessons-access
  • Sharpfokus Cashflow Course
  • Lesson1-cashflow-profit
  • Lesson2-negative-cashflow
  • Lesson3-free-cashflow
  • Lesson4-cashflow-equity
  • Lesson5-CFROA
  • Lesson6-market-value
  • Example1-cashflow-profit
  • Example2-negative-cashflow
  • Example3-free-cashflow
  • Example4-cashflow-equity
  • Example5-CFROA
  • example6-market-value
  • Sharpfokus-premium-March2025
  • Sharpfokus100
  • Sharpfokus Premium Upgrade
  • March imports steady
  • TOP100
  • App
  • Notes for UI speech
  • Sharpfokus Cashflow Short Course
  • TSLA, electric cars & confidence
  • Not that leveraged after all
  • Cashflow is King speech Wework June 10, 2025
  • Cashflow is King, Wework talk
  • What’s your business worth?
  • Facts alone
  • The crown still fits
  • Where cashflow begins
  • How to make stocks cashflow sooner
  • Cashflow = equity
  • The US bull rolls on
  • Commodity quiet… for now?
  • Back to the future
  • Budget smoke & mirrors
  • Where should tax come from, top or bottom?
  • Could tariffs shift flows from gold to stocks?
  • Does Jamie Dimon subscribe to Sharpfokus?
  • Goldilocks?
  • 10 questions… & the answers
  • Mini hydro, nice idea, low return
  • Top of the Top 💯
  • Back to the future
  • Free markets, by force…
  • ⚡️ 91% cheaper, but bills still rising
  • Seek & ye shall find
  • Meritocracy returns
  • Moya
  • A glance into our portfolio
  • Viral pandemonium
  • The $100 test
  • Regulations & the road to growth
  • $100 test part 2
  • Electricity s(t)hocks?
  • 8% in the 80th
  • Indonesia UK yield gap vanishes
  • When companies outgrow counties
  • Does technology help?
  • MSTR takes the prize
  • Mind the gap, NVDA
  • 30 days harh September
  • Tech: inflation’s last stop
  • Paralel prosperity
  • Gold eternal
  • My Kingdom for a coffee
  • Assembled in India
  • Depositor to lender
  • UNIQ dig, dug
  • Economic progress?
  • GZCO shallow roots?
  • PSAT dropping anchor?
  • Surprise surprise!
  • SCMA fuzzy picture
  • EMTK behind the scenes
  • Palm oil v gold
  • ARTO inverting
  • BMRI on the rebound
  • DLTA thirst quenching cashflow
  • A puff of smoke
  • RAJA hot air?
  • Apple (AAPL) per person
  • TSPC bitter pill
  • MLPT data dream
  • GGRM lighting up
  • Cashflow reality check
  • CBDK flipping
  • Stocks in gold
  • NISP second best bank
  • CPIN two sunny side up
  • LQ45 should inflate
  • DOID still digging?
  • BNLI new star, but cashflow?
  • Patriot bonds? Equity investors do it too
  • MASA over inflated
  • PIPA cashflow starts flowing
  • MKPI solid build
  • The hidden greater depression
  • ELSA medium octane cashflow
  • BIKE low or high gear?
  • Missing out is ok
  • TEBE already dug in
  • Missing out is ok part 2
  • STTP sweet enough?
  • SMDR buoyant
  • MIKA has had some work done
  • Tariffs are good